6.1 Campaigns during the governorship of Melchor Bravo de Saravia.5.2 War during the rule of the Real Audiencia of Chile.4 Second Great Mapuche Rebellion (1561). 3.4 Campaigns of Caupolicán and García Hurtado de Mendoza.3.3 Lautaro's campaigns against Santiago.3.2 Campaigns of Caupolicán and Lautaro (1554–1557).2.2 Founding of Concepción, Imperial, and Valdivia.2.1 Campaigns of Pedro de Valdivia (1546–1553).In the words of Philip II, this conflict cost the largest number of Spanish lives in the New World, which is why it became known as the Flandes indiano ("Indian Flanders"), in reference to the Eighty Years' War. From the 17th to the late 18th century a series of parliaments were held between royal governors and Mapuche lonkos and the war devolved to sporadic pillaging carried out by both sides. Īfter many initial Spanish successes in penetrating Mapuche territory, the Battle of Curalaba in 1598 and the following destruction of the Seven Cities marked a turning point in the war leading to the establishment of a clear frontier between the Spanish domains and the land of the independent Mapuche. Abduction of women and war rape was common on both sides. It subsequently evolved over time into phases comprising drawn-out sieges, slave-hunting expeditions, pillaging raids, punitive expeditions, and renewed Spanish attempts to secure lost territories. The conflict began at first as a reaction to the Spanish conquerors attempting to establish cities and force Mapuches into servitude. The Arauco War was a long-running conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people, mostly fought in the Araucanía. Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63).Iberian Peninsula and South America (1762–63).Local detachments and recruits from other regions (1557–1604).Mapuche remained independent till the Occupation of Araucanía in 1883 by Chile.Peace parliaments between the Spanish Crown and the Mapuche groups.Spanish penetration of Mapuche lands Halted by 1600, Consolidation of the Bío Bío river as a border.Araucanía region and surrounding regions of the Captaincy General of Chile (present-day Chile)
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